Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-cryogenic ezifuna ukutywinwa kwevalvu eneendlela ezimbini zisebenzise iintlobo ezimbini zeevalvu, ezizezi iivalvu zeglobe kunye neevalvu zebhola ezizinzileyo/iivalvu zebhola ezizinzileyo ezifakwe phezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso oluphumeleleyo lwevalvu yebhola ye-cryogenic eneendlela ezimbini, abayili beenkqubo bafumene ukhetho olunomtsalane ngakumbi kuneevalvu zebhola zemveli-iivalvu zebhola ezidadayoInesantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwamanzi, ayinamida kwicala lokuhamba kwamanzi kunye necala lokutywina lesixhobo, kwaye inokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiimeko ezibonakala ngathi zi-cryogenic. Kwaye ubungakanani bayo buncinci, ubunzima bayo bulula, kwaye isakhiwo sayo silula.
Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-cryogenic ezifuna iivalvu ziquka ukungena/ukuphuma kweetanki zokugcina ukuze zizaliswe kwaye zikhutshwe, imibhobho engenanto evaliweyo ecinezelweyo, ukufakelwa kwegesi kunye nolwelo, imibhobho yeenjongo ezininzi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwizikhululo zesiphelo se-LNG, iinkqubo zokuthumela, kunye neetanki, iinkqubo zokuhambisa, izikhululo zokumpompa kunye nezikhululo zokuzalisa ipetroli ze-LNG, kunye neeseti zeevalvu zegesi yendalo (ii-GVU) ezinxulumene neenjini zepetroli ezimbini kwiinqanawa.
Kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, iivalvu zokuvala ezimbini zihlala zisetyenziswa ukulawula nokuvala ulwelo oluphakathi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo ezifanaiivalvu zebhola, baneengxaki ezininzi:
I-flow coefficient (Cv) iphantsi-oku kuya kuchaphazela ukukhethwa kwazo zonke iisayizi zemibhobho ezifanelekileyo kwaye kuya kuba yingxaki enokuthi ithintele amandla okuhamba kwenkqubo.
· Kufuneka kumiselwe ii-actuators ezithe ngqo ukuze zenze imisebenzi yokuvala nokulawula-xa kuthelekiswa nee-actuators ezijikelezayo ezithe nkqo ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula nokusebenzisa iivalvu zebhola kunye nezinye iivalvu ezijikelezayo ezithe nkqo, olu hlobo lwezixhobo lunesakhiwo esinzima ngakumbi kwaye lubiza kakhulu. Ixabiso kunye nobunzima besakhiwo seseti epheleleyo yezixhobo zevalvu kunye ne-actuator zibonakala kakhulu.
· Ukuba ivalvu yokuvala isetyenziselwa ukufezekisa umsebenzi wokuvala ongxamisekileyo ofunekayo kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-LNG, ubunzima buya kuba phezulu nangakumbi.
Kwizakhiwo ezincinci ze-LNG (SSLNG), iingxaki ezingentla ziya kubonakala ngakumbi, kuba ezi nkqubo kufuneka zibe zincinci, zisebenzise imali eninzi, kwaye zibe nomthamo omkhulu wokuhamba kwamanzi ukuze zinciphise umjikelo wokulayisha nokukhupha impahla.
I-flow coefficient yevalvu yebhola iphezulu kuneyevalvu yeglobe enobukhulu obufanayo. Ngamanye amazwi, zincinci ngobukhulu ngaphandle kokuchaphazela isantya sokuhamba. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani, ubunzima kunye neendleko zenkqubo yonke yepayipi kunye nenkqubo yonke zincitshisiwe kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, inokunyusa kakhulu imbuyekezo yotyalo-mali (ROI) lweenkqubo ezinxulumene noko.
Kakade ke, iivalvu zebhola ezibhabhayo ezisemgangathweni ze-cryogenic ziyindlela enye, nto leyo engafanelekanga kwiimeko ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla ezifuna ukutywinwa kweevalvu ezindlela-mbini.
Indlela enye Vs indlela ezimbini
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1, ivalvu yebhola edadayo eqhelekileyo kwiimeko ze-cryogenic inomngxuma wokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwicala elingaphezulu lebhola yevalvu ukuthintela uxinzelelo ukuba lungaqokeleli kwaye lunyuke xa i-medium itshintsha isigaba. Xa ivalvu ikwindawo evaliweyo, igesi yendalo emanzi evalelwe kumngxuma womzimba wevalvu iya kuqala ukufuma kwaye yande, kwaye umthamo ungafikelela amaxesha angama-600 kunomthamo wokuqala emva kokuba yandisiwe ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ivalvu iqhume. Ukuze kuthintelwe le meko, uninzi lweevalvu zebhola ezidadayo eziqhelekileyo zisebenzise indlela yokunciphisa uxinzelelo oluvulekileyo oluphezulu. Ngenxa yoku, iivalvu zebhola zemveli azinakusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezifuna ukutywinwa ngeendlela ezimbini.
Kwaye eli linqanaba apho ivalvu yebhola engqukuva ye-cryogenic eneendlela ezimbini inokubonisa khona izakhono zayo. Umahluko phakathi kwale valve kunye nevalvu eqhelekileyo ye-cryogenic eneendlela enye ngulo:
· Akukho sithuba sivulekayo kwibhola yevalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo
· Ingavala ulwelo kuzo zombini iindlela
· Akukho sithuba sivulekayo kwibhola yevalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo
· Ingavala ulwelo kuzo zombini iindlela
Kwivalvu yebhola eqengqelekayo eneendlela ezimbini, isihlalo sevalvu esineendlela ezimbini sithatha indawo yendlela yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuvula oluphezulu. Isihlalo sevalvu esineendlela ezimbini sinokukhulula uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo oluveliswa yigesi yendalo emanzi evalelwe kumngxuma womzimba wevalvu, ngaloo ndlela ithintele ivalvu ukuba ingaqhumi, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.
Ukongeza, isihlalo sevalvu esine-spring-loaded sinceda ukugcina ivalvu ikwi-torque ephantsi kwaye isebenze kakuhle kwiimeko ezibuhlungu.
Ivalvu yebhola ephaphazelayo eneendlela ezimbini ixhotyiswe ngeringi yokutywina igrafiti yesigaba sesibini, ukuze ivalvu ibe nomsebenzi wokhuseleko lomlilo. Ngaphandle kokuba ingozi embi ibangele ukuba iindawo zepolymer zevalvu zitshise, itywina lesibini aliyi kudibana nesixhobo. Kwimeko yengozi, itywina lenqanaba lesibini liya kufezekisa umsebenzi wokukhusela ukhuseleko lomlilo.
Iingenelo zeevalvu ezineendlela ezimbini
Xa kuthelekiswa neevalvu zeglobe, iivalvu zebhola ezizinzileyo nezifakwe phezulu, ivalvu yebhola engqukuva eneendlela ezimbini inazo zonke iingenelo zevalvu yebhola eququzelayo ehambayo, kwaye akukho mda kwicala lolwelo kunye nokuvala. Ingasetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwiimeko ezixineneyo; ubungakanani buncinci kwaye isakhiwo silula. I-actuator ehambelana nayo ilula kakhulu (ukujikeleza nge-engile yasekunene) kwaye incinci. Ezi ngenelo zithetha ukuba yonke inkqubo incinci, ilula, kwaye ixabisa kancinci.
Xa kuthelekiswa neevalvu zeglobe, iivalvu zebhola ezizinzileyo nezifakwe phezulu, ivalvu yebhola engqukuva eneendlela ezimbini inazo zonke iingenelo zevalvu yebhola eququzelayo ehambayo, kwaye akukho mda kwicala lolwelo kunye nokuvala. Ingasetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwiimeko ezixineneyo; ubungakanani buncinci kwaye isakhiwo silula. I-actuator ehambelana nayo ilula kakhulu (ukujikeleza nge-engile yasekunene) kwaye incinci. Ezi ngenelo zithetha ukuba yonke inkqubo incinci, ilula, kwaye ixabisa kancinci.
Itheyibhile 1 ithelekisa ivalvu yebhola ephaphazelayo eneendlela ezimbini kunye nezinye iivalvu ezinemisebenzi efanayo ngokwembono yokugcinwa, ubungakanani, ubunzima, inqanaba le-torque, ubunzima bolawulo, kunye neendleko zizonke, kwaye ishwankathela ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo kunye neengxaki zayo.
Ukuba indawo encinci ye-LNG iyaphula indlela esetyenziswayo kwaye isebenzisa ivalvu yebhola e-cryogenic eneendlela ezimbini, inokwenza ukuba iingenelo ezikhethekileyo zevalvu yebhola zisebenze ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ububanzi obupheleleyo, izinga lokuhamba eliphezulu kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokukhupha umbhobho. Ngokuthe ngqo, inokuxhasa imibhobho emincinci ngelixa igcina izinga elifanayo lokuhamba, ngoko ke inokunciphisa umthamo opheleleyo, ubunzima, kunye nobunzima benkqubo, kwaye inokunciphisa neendleko zenkqubo yemibhobho.
Inqaku elingaphambili liveze iingenelo zokusetyenziswa njengevalvu yokuvala. Ukuba isetyenziswa njengevalvu yokulawula, iingenelo ziya kubonakala ngakumbi. Ukuba ivalvu yebhola ejikelezayo ye-engile yasekunene isetyenziswa, ubunzima bekhithi ye-automation yevalvu buya kuncipha kakhulu, ngoko ke ibe yinto yokuzikhethela kwinkqubo ye-cryogenic.
Eyona nto iphambili kwikhithi ye-automation ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla yivalvu yebhola ye-cryogenic float elula nesebenzayo, kunye ne-actuator ejikelezayo engunxande enesakhiwo esilula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okubiza kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, ivalvu yebhola engqukuva ye-cryogenic eneendlela ezimbini inentsingiselo "eguqukayo" kwinkqubo yepayipi ye-cryogenic. Kwizakhiwo ezincinci ze-LNG, inokwenza iingenelo zayo zisebenze ngokupheleleyo.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, le mveliso intsha iqinisekisiwe kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwixabiso leprojekthi kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo okuthembekileyo ixesha elide.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-17-2021