Ivalvu yokuphosaxa iphoswa kwivalvu, umgangatho woxinzelelo lwevalvu yokuphosa ngokubanzi uphantsi kakhulu (njengePN16, PN25, PN40, kodwa kukwakho noxinzelelo oluphezulu, olunokuba yi-1500LD, 2500LB), uninzi lwe-caliber lungaphezulu kwe-DN50.Iivalvu zokubumbazenziwe ngomgunyathi. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. I-caliber incinci, kwaye ngokubanzi ingaphantsi kwe-DN50.
A, ukuphosa
1. Ukuphosa: yinkqubo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi sibe lulwelo oluhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile kwaye lugalelwe kwimoldi yokuphosa. Emva kokuphola nokuqina, ukuphosa (iinxalenye okanye ezingenanto) kufunyanwa ngemilo, ubungakanani kunye nokusebenza kwangaphambili. Itekhnoloji esisiseko yeshishini lokuvelisa oomatshini banamhlanje.
2, imveliso yokuthunga engenanto iphantsi, ngenxa yesimo esintsonkothileyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zomngxuma, okungaphezulu kunokubonisa uqoqosho lwayo; Kwangaxeshanye, iyakwazi ukuguquguquka ngokubanzi kwaye ineempawu ezintle zoomatshini.
3, kodwa izixhobo ezifunekayo kwimveliso yokubumba (ezifana nesinyithi, umthi, ipetroli, izinto zokubumba, njl.njl.) kunye nezixhobo (ezifana nesithando sesinyithi, umatshini wokuxuba isanti, umatshini wokubumba, umatshini wokwenza isiseko, umshukumisi, umatshini wokuqhumisa isibhamu, ipleyiti yesinyithi esityhidiweyo, njl.njl.) zininzi, kwaye ziya kuvelisa uthuli, igesi enobungozi kunye nengxolo kwaye zingcolise okusingqongileyo.
4. Ukuphosa luhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngesinyithi obusebenza ngobushushu obunembali yeminyaka emalunga nama-6000. Ngowama-3200 BC, ukuphosa amasele ebronze kwavela eMesopotamia. Phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-13 BC kunye ne-10 BC, iTshayina ingene kwixesha lokutshisa ibronze, inkqubo ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu, njengeShang Dynasty Simuwu square Ding enobunzima obuyi-875 kg, iWarring States Dynasty Jinghou Yi Zunpan kunye neWestern Han Dynasty transparent mirror ziimveliso ezimele ukuphosa kwamandulo. Ukuphosa kwasekuqaleni kwakuchatshazelwa kakhulu zizinto zobumba, kwaye uninzi lwezinto zokuphosa zazizizixhobo okanye izixhobo zemveliso yezolimo, unqulo, ubomi kunye nezinye izinto, ezinombala oqinileyo wobugcisa. Ngowama-513 BC, iTshayina yavelisa isinyithi sokuqala esityhidiweyo kwiirekhodi ezibhaliweyo kwihlabathi - iJin Casting Ding (malunga nama-270 kg). Malunga nenkulungwane yesi-8, iYurophu yaqala ukuvelisa isinyithi esityhidiweyo. Emva koguquko lwemizi-mveliso kwinkulungwane ye-18, ukuphosa kwangena kwixesha elitsha lokukhonza amashishini amakhulu. Kwinkulungwane yama-20, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwe-casting, luye lwaphuhlisa i-ductile iron, i-malleable cast iron, i-ultra-low carbon stainless steel kunye ne-aluminium copper, i-aluminium silicon, i-aluminium magnesium alloy, i-titanium base, i-nickel base alloy kunye nezinye izinto ze-casting metal, kwaye kwaveliswa inkqubo entsha ye-grey cast iron yokwenza unyango. Emva kweminyaka yoo-1950, ubuchwepheshe obutsha obufana ne-wet sand high pressure molding, i-chemical hardening sand molding, i-core making, i-negative pressure molding, kunye nezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo ze-casting kunye ne-shot blasting zaziswa.
5. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuphosa. Ngokwendlela yokumodela, yahlulwe ngokwesiko yaba yi-0 eqhelekileyo yokuphosa isanti, kuquka uhlobo lwesanti emanzi, uhlobo lwesanti eyomileyo kunye nohlobo lwesanti yokuqinisa iikhemikhali 3. (2) ukuphosa okukhethekileyo, izixhobo zokubumba ezicinezelayo kwaye zinokwahlulwa zibe yisanti yendalo yeminerali njengezixhobo eziphambili zokubumba (umz., ukuphosa utyalo-mali, ukuphosa isikhunta, isiseko sokuphosa isikhunta seqokobhe, ukuphosa isikhunta esingalunganga, ukuphosa isikhunta, ukuphosa isikhunta se-ceramic, njl.njl.) kunye nesinyithi njengezinto eziphambili zokubumba ze-cast ekhethekileyo (ezifana nokuphosa isikhunta sesinyithi, ukuphosa isikhunta, ukuphosa okuqhubekayo, ukuphosa isikhunta esiphantsi, ukuphosa i-centrifugal, njl.njl.).
6, inkqubo yokuphosa idla ngokubandakanya: (ukuphosa (izikhongozeli) kwenza isinyithi esilulwelo sinyibilike, ukuphosa ngokwezixhobo kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube yi-mold yesanti, isinyithi, i-ceramic, udaka, i-graphite, njl., kunokwahlulwa ngokusetyenziswa, uhlobo oluhlala ixesha elide nolusisigxina, umgangatho wokulungiselela isikhunta zezona zinto ziphambili ezichaphazela umgangatho wokuphosa; Ukunyibilika nokuthululwa kwesinyithi esiphosayo, isinyithi esiphosayo (i-alloy ephosayo) ikakhulu kubandakanya isinyithi esiphosayo, isinyithi esiphosayo kunye ne-alloy engenanto yentsimbi; (3) unyango kunye nokuhlolwa kokuphosa, unyango lokuphosa, kubandakanya ukususwa kwemizimba yangaphandle engundoqo kunye neyomphezulu wokuphosa, ukususwa kwe-riser yokuphosa, i-burr yokugaya ifosholo kunye nezinye izinto ezibonakala, unyango lobushushu, ukubumba, unyango lokulwa nomhlwa kunye nomatshini orhabaxa. I-valve yepompo yokungena
Ukwakhiwa kwesibini
1, ukubumba: kukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokubumba kwingcinezelo yebhilethi yesinyithi, ukuguqulwa kweplastiki ukuze kufunyanwe iipropati ezithile zoomatshini, imo ethile kunye nobukhulu bendlela yokucubungula ukubumba.
2, enye yezona zinto zimbini ziphambili zokubumba. Ngokubumba kunokususa isinyithi njengoko imingxunya yokubumba ikhululekile, iimbobo zokubumba zingcono kunezo zibumba ezifanayo. Kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezinomthwalo omkhulu kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima koomatshini, ukubumba kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukongeza kwipleyiti, iprofayili okanye iindawo zokubumba ezinemilo elula enokuqengqeleka.
3, ukubumba ngokwendlela yokwenza kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube: 0 ukubumba okuvulekileyo (ukubumba okukhululekileyo). Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okanye uxinzelelo ukwenza isinyithi phakathi kwe-anti-iron deformation ezimbini eziphezulu nezisezantsi (ibhloko ye-anvil) ukuze kufunyanwe ukubumba okufunekayo, ikakhulu ukubumba ngesandla kunye nokubumba ngoomatshini. 2 Ukubumba ngendlela evaliweyo. I-metal blank iguqulwa phantsi koxinzelelo kwigumbi lokubumba lokubumba elinesimo esithile, kwaye ukubumba kunokwahlulwahlulwa kwi-die forging, i-cold forging, i-rotary forging, i-extrusion njalo njalo. Ngokwe-deformation, ubushushu bokubumba bunokwahlulwahlulwa kwi-hot forging (ubushushu bokucubungula buphezulu kunobushushu bokubumba kwakhona bentsimbi engenanto), ukubumba okufudumeleyo (ngaphantsi kobushushu bokubumba kwakhona) kunye nokubumba okubandayo (ubushushu obuqhelekileyo).
4, izinto zokubumba ikakhulu zizinto ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy, zilandelwa yi-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-titanium, i-copper kunye ne-alloy yayo. Imeko yokuqala yezinto ziquka iintonga, imixokelelwane yokuphosa, iipowder zesinyithi kunye neentsimbi ezingamanzi. Umlinganiselo wendawo enqamlezileyo yesinyithi ngaphambi kokuguqulwa ukuya kwindawo yecandelo lokufa emva kokuguqulwa ubizwa ngokuba yi-forging ratio. Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo ukubumba kunokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko kunobudlelwane obuhle.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-01-2021