Ivalve yokuphosaiphoswe kwivalve, inqanaba loxinzelelo lwevalve ngokubanzi lisezantsi kakhulu (njenge-PN16, PN25, PN40, kodwa kukho uxinzelelo oluphezulu, lunokuba ngu-1500LD, 2500LB), uninzi lwecaliber lungaphezulu kwe-DN50.Iivalvu zokubumbazenziwa ngaphandle.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwimibhobho yomgangatho ophezulu.Umgangatho umncinci, kwaye ngokubanzi ungaphantsi kwe-DN50.
A, ukuphosa
1. Ukuphosa: yinkqubo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kwi-liquid ehlangabezana neemfuno ezithile kwaye igalele kwi-mold casting.Emva kokupholisa kunye nokuqiniswa, ukuphosa (iinxalenye okanye okungenanto) kufunyenwe ngokubunjwa kwangaphambili, ubungakanani kunye nokusebenza.Itekhnoloji esisiseko yoshishino lokwenziwa koomatshini banamhlanje.
I-2, ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yeendleko ezingenanto iphantsi, kwimilo enzima, ngakumbi kunye neendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakumbi kunokubonisa uqoqosho lwayo;Kwangaxeshanye, inokuguquguquka okubanzi kunye neempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini.
I-3, kodwa izinto ezifunekayo kwimveliso yokuphosa (njengesinyithi, ukhuni, i-fuel, izinto zokubumba, njl.) kunye nezixhobo (ezifana nesithando somlilo sesinyithi, umatshini wokuxuba isanti, umatshini wokubumba, umatshini wokwenza i-core, i-shaker, umatshini wokudubula, ipleyiti yentsimbi, njl.njl.) zininzi, kwaye ziya kuvelisa uthuli, igesi eyingozi kunye nengxolo kwaye zingcolise okusingqongileyo.
4. Ukuphosa luhlobo lwetekhnoloji yentsimbi yokusebenza eshushu enembali emalunga nama-6000 eminyaka.Ngo-3200 BC, ukuphoswa kwamasele obhedu kwavela eMesopotamiya.Phakathi kwe-13 BC kunye ne-10 BC inkulungwane, i-China ingene kubomi bemihla ngemihla yokuphosa ubhedu, inkqubo ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu, elifana neShang Dynasty Simuwu square Ding enobunzima be-875 kg, i-Warring States Dynasty uJinghou Yi Zunpan kunye ne-Western Han Dynasty. isibuko esicacileyo zizinto ezimele ukubunjwa kwamandulo.Ukubunjwa kwangaphambili kwaphenjelelwa kakhulu yingqayi yodongwe, kwaye uninzi lwezinto ezibunjiweyo yayizizixhobo okanye izitya zemveliso yezolimo, inkolo, ubomi kunye neminye imiba, enombala oqinileyo wobugcisa.Ngo-513 BC, iChina yavelisa intsimbi yokuqala kwiirekhodi ezibhaliweyo kwihlabathi - iJin Casting Ding (malunga ne-270 kg).Malunga nenkulungwane ye-8, iYurophu yaqala ukuvelisa intsimbi etyhidiweyo.Emva kwenguqu kwezemizi-mveliso ngenkulungwane ye-18, ukudubula kwangena kwixesha elitsha lokusebenzela amashishini amakhulu.Ngenkulungwane yama-20, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lokuphosa, luphuhlise isinyithi se-ductile, isinyithi esithambileyo, isinyithi esine-ultra-low carbon stainless steel kunye nobhedu lwe-aluminium, i-aluminium silicon, i-aluminium magnesium alloy, isiseko se-titanium, i-nickel base alloy kunye nezinye izinto zokugalela isinyithi, kwaye wayila inkqubo entsha yentsimbi engwevu ukwenza unyango.Emva kweminyaka yoo-1950, ubugcisa obutsha obufana nesanti emanzi yokubunjwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukubunjwa kwesanti yokuqina kweekhemikhali, ukwenziwa kondoqo, ukubunjwa koxinzelelo olubi, kunye nokunye ukuphosa okukhethekileyo kunye nokuqhushumba kweentyatyambo zaziswa.
5. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuphosa.Ngokwendlela yokwenza imodeli, ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe ibe yi-0 yesanti eqhelekileyo yokuphosa, kubandakanywa uhlobo lwesanti emanzi, uhlobo lwesanti eyomileyo kunye nohlobo lwesanti elukhuni yekhemikhali 3. (2) ukuphosa okukhethekileyo, izinto zokubumba ezicinezelayo kwaye zinokwahlulwa ngokwesanti yendalo yezimbiwa njenge izinto eziphambili zokubumba ezikhethekileyo (umzekelo, ukubunjwa kotyalo-mali, ukubunjwa kwe-mold, i-shell mold casting foundry, ukuphosa uxinzelelo olubi, ukubunjwa kwe-mold, ukubunjwa kwe-ceramic mold, njl. ukukhutshwa koxinzelelo, ukuphosa okuqhubekayo, ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo ephantsi, ukuphosa i-centrifugal, njl.).
I-6, inkqubo yokuphosa idla ngokubandakanya: (ukuphosa (izikhongozeli) yenza ulwelo lwesinyithi ukugalela okuqinileyo, ukuphosa ngokwezinto eziphathekayo kunokwahlulwa kube ngundo lwesanti, isinyithi, i-ceramic, udaka, igraphite, njl. kunye nohlobo olusisigxina, umgangatho wokulungiselela umngundo yimiba ephambili echaphazela umgangatho wokubunjwa Ukunyibilika kunye nokuthululwa kwesinyithi, ukuphosa isinyithi (i-alloy casting) ikakhulu ibandakanya isinyithi esityhidiweyo kunye ne-cast cast non-ferrous alloy; Ukuhlolwa, unyango lokuphosa, kubandakanywa ukususwa kwe-core kunye nokuphosa imizimba yangaphandle, ukukhupha i-rier, ukuhlamba i-burr yokusila kunye nezinye i-protrusion, unyango lobushushu, ukubunjwa, unyango lwe-antirust kunye ne-valve yempompo yokungena
Okwesibini ukubunjwa
I-1, ukubumba: kukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokubumba kuxinzelelo lwentsimbi yebillet, ukuguqulwa kweplastiki ukufumana iimpawu ezithile zoomatshini, imilo ethile kunye nobukhulu bendlela yokulungisa i-forgings.
2, enye yezona zinto zimbini eziphambili zokubumba.Ngokusebenzisa i-forging inokuphelisa isinyithi njengoko iphosa, imingxunya ye-welding, iimpawu ze-mechanical forgings zingcono ngokubanzi kune-castings efanayo.Kumacandelo abalulekileyo anomthwalo ophezulu kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima kumatshini, ukubunjwa kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukongeza kwipleyiti, iprofayili okanye iinxalenye ze-welding ezinemilo elula enokuthi igqitywe.
I-3, i-forging ngokwendlela yokwenza inokwahlulwa ibe yi-0 evulekileyo yokubumba (i-free forging).Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okanye uxinzelelo ukwenza isinyithi phakathi kwe-anti-iron ephezulu kunye nesezantsi ephantsi (i-anvil block) deformation ukuze ufumane i-forgings efunekayo, ngokuyininzi i-forging manual kunye ne-mechanical forging.② Imodi evaliweyo yokubumba.Intsimbi engenanto ikhubazeke phantsi koxinzelelo kwigumbi lokufa lokubumba lemilo ethile, kwaye ukubunjwa kunokwahlulwa kukufa, ukubumba okubandayo, ukujikeleza okujikelezayo, ukukhupha njalo njalo.Ngokutsho deformation ubushushu forging inokohlulwa ibe forging eshushu (ubushushu processing liphezulu ngaphezu recrystallization lobushushu yentsimbi engenanto), forging efudumeleyo (ephantsi kobushushu recrystallization) kunye forging ebandayo (ubushushu eqhelekileyo).
I-4, i-forging material iyinhloko yeendidi ezahlukeneyo ze-carbon steel kunye ne-alloy steel, ilandelwa yi-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-titanium, ithusi kunye ne-alloy yayo.Ubume bokuqala bezinto eziphathekayo bubandakanya iintonga, amakhonkco okuphosa, ii powders zetsimbi kunye neentsimbi ezingamanzi.Umlinganiselo wendawo yecandelo lomnqamlezo wesinyithi ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwendawo yecandelo lokufa emva kokuguqulwa kubizwa ngokuba yi-forging ratio.Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lokubumba kunokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko kunobudlelwane obukhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-01-2021